Valuations & Appraisals

Valuations and appraisals
for decisions that matter

Business and shareholding valuations, sworn appraisals, tax estimates and party-appointed expert reports for banking litigation. Prepared using methodologies compliant with the Italian Valuation Standards (PIV).

Types

The appraisals we prepare

01

Sworn appraisals under art. 2465 Civil Code

Valuation of contributions in kind and of receivables for the incorporation and capital increases of S.r.l. and S.p.A. companies, with sworn attestation.

art. 2465 Civil Code · art. 2343 Civil Code
02

Business & shareholding valuations

Valuation of economic capital for disposals, the entry or exit of shareholders, M&A transactions and corporate restructurings.

PIV · income, financial and asset-based methods
03

Estimates under art. 51 Income Tax Code

Determination of the normal value and the taxable base in disposals of shareholdings and business assets.

art. 51 Income Tax Code
04

Fairness opinions under art. 2501-quinquies Civil Code

Reports on the fairness of the exchange ratio in mergers and other corporate transactions.

art. 2501-quinquies · art. 2506-ter Civil Code
05

Estimates for corporate transactions

Appraisals supporting mergers, demergers, contributions of a business and conversions, including in CCII and recovery contexts.

CCII · contributions · demergers
06

Expert reports — Banking litigation

Party-appointed expert reports on loan and financing agreements: compound interest, usury, APR/ISC, floor clauses and amortisation.

compound interest · usury · APR/ISC · floor clauses

When a valuation is needed

An independent valuation is required — or strongly advisable — whenever a value must withstand scrutiny from third parties: the tax authorities, a negotiating counterparty, a judge or fellow shareholders. The appraisal translates the estimate of a business, a division, a shareholding or a contractual item into a technical, reasoned and defensible document.

Our approach

We select valuation methods according to the purpose and the nature of the item being valued, applying the Italian Valuation Standards (PIV) and documenting assumptions, sources and the limits of the work. For banking litigation we reconstruct the debit/credit positions and recalculate charges on the basis of the contractual documentation and the transactions, supporting the technical defence in judicial and out-of-court proceedings.

Need a valuation or an appraisal?

Send us a description of the matter: we assess the purpose, timing and the most suitable method before every engagement.

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